Composición química y calidad de la grasa contenida en frituras de maíz elaboradas y consumidas en Navojoa, estado de Sonora, México / Chemical Composition and Fat Quality in Fried Foods Made with Corn that Are Prepared and Consumed in Navojoa, State of Sonora, Mexico

Antecedentes: el consumo de frituras en México es alto, aunque las grasas se asocian con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: evaluar la composición química y calidad de la grasa obtenida de churros fritos de maíz elaborados y consumidos en Navojoa, estado de Sonora, México. Materiales y métodos: a cuatro muestras obtenidas en establecimientos comerciales se les realizó análisis químico proximal y determinación de índices de calidad de la grasa (acidez, peróxidos, yodo y anisidina), según normas mexicanas. Resultados: el aporte nutricional de las muestras estuvo en los siguientes rangos expresados en g %: grasas (23,7±0,2 y 35,2±1,0 g %), proteínas (2,5±0,0 y 8,1±1,4 g %), carbohidratos (54,1±0,3 y 64,40±0,5 g %) y energía (485±3 y 531±1 kcal %) con diferencias entre ellas (p<0,05). El mayor contenido de grasa y energía lo presentó B2 y el mejor perfil nutricional B4. La muestra B1 superó los límites máximos permitidos de acidez (4,8) y de peroxidación (10,6) con diferencias respecto a las otras muestras (p<0,05). Conclusiones: la densidad energética de los churros de maíz analizados es alta (superior a 4 kcal/g) al igual que el aporte de grasas, especialmente en la muestra B2. B4 presenta el mejor perfil nutricional y B1 el mayor deterioro oxidativo.

Background: Consumption of fried foods in Mexico is high, even though fats in fried foods are associated with noncommunicable chronic diseases. Objective: Evaluate the chemical composition and fat quality obtained from fried corn churros prepared and consumed in Navojoa, state of Sonora, Mexico. Materials and Methods: Four samples obtained from commercial establishments were subjected to proximal chemical analysis and determination of fat quality indices (acidity, alkalinity, iodine and anisidine), according to Mexican standards. Results: The nutritional breakdown of the samples is shown in the following ranges, expressed as grams % (g %): fats (23.7 ± 0.2 and 35.2 ± 1.0 g %), proteins (2.5 ± 0.0 and 8.1 ± 1.4 g %), carbohydrates (54.1 ± 0.3 and 64.4 ± 0.5 g %), and energy (kcal) (485 ± 3 and 531 ± 1) with significant differences between samples (p<0.05). The highest fat and energy content was presented by sample B2 and the best nutritional profile by sample B4. Sample B1 exceeded the maximum limits of acidity (4.8) and alkalinity (10.6) with a significant inter-sample difference (p <0.05). Conclusion: The energy density of the sampled fried corn churros is high (above 4 kcal/gram), as well as the fat content, especially in sample B2. Sample B4 presents the best nutrition profile and sample B1 the greatest oxidative deterioration.

Metals in residential soils and cumulative risk assessment in Yaqui and Mayo agricultural valleys, northern Mexico.

This investigation examines the extent of soil metal pollution associated with the Green Revolution, relative to agricultural activities and associated risks to health in the most important agricultural region of Mexico. Metal contents in bulk soil samples are commonly used to assess contamination, and metal accumulations in soils are usually assumed to increase with decreasing particle size. This study profiled the spatial distribution of metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Cd, V, Hg, Co, P, Se, and Mn) in bulk soil and fine-grained fractions (soil-derived dust) from 22 towns and cities. The contamination of soil was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and pollution index (PI). The results of this study indicated that a number of towns and cities are moderately to highly polluted by soil containing Be, Co, Hg, P, S, V, Zn, Se, Cr, and Pb in both size fractions (coarse and fine). Hazard index in fine fraction (HI(children)=2.1) shows that risk assessment based on Co, Mn, V, and Ni spatially related to power plants, have the potential to pose health risks to local residents, especially children. This study shows that risk assessment based on metal content in bulk soil could be overestimated when compared to fine-grained fraction. Our results provide important information that could be valuable in establishing risk assessment associated with residential soils within agricultural areas, where children can ingest and inhale dust.